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1.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 31(5/6): 430-440, sept.-dic. 2020. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1224135

ABSTRACT

La fractura osteoporótica es una entidad clínica que afecta seriamente la calidad y expectativa de vida del paciente, agregándose un impacto socioeconómico elevado, superando incluso a los gastos de patologías como el infarto agudo de miocardio, accidente cerebrovascular y cáncer de mama, y cuya incidencia y prevalencia va en aumento a medida que la población mundial envejece. La gran mayoría de los casos cursan inadvertidos y sub diagnosticados, dejando a tres de cuatro pacientes, sin tratamiento y expuestos a nuevos eventos. El foco mundial en los países desarrollados como estrategia de enfrentamiento de esta patología endémica ha sido el de la prevención, vale decir medicina primaria. Sin embargo, una vez diagnosticada la fractura osteoporótica, no existe consenso en el tipo de tratamiento óptimo, así como sus plazos en estos pacientes. La mayoría de las guías internacionales y los trabajos publicados, presentan diferencias en el manejo de esta lesión.


The osteoporotic fracture is a clinical entity that seriously affects the quality and life expectancy of the patient, adding a high socioeconomic impact, even exceeding the expenses of pathologies such as acute myocardial stroke, vascular cerebral stroke and breast cancer, and whose incidence and prevalence is increasing as the world population ages. The vast majority of cases are non-diagnosed, leaving three of four patients with non treatment at all. The target in developed countries as a strategy to confront this endemic pathology has been prevention, or, primary medicine. However, once the osteoporotic fracture is diagnosed, there is no consensus on the type of optimal treatment, as well as its deadlines in these patients. The majority of international guidelines and published articles show differences in the management and treatment of this fracture.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Spinal Fractures/diagnosis , Spinal Fractures/therapy , Osteoporotic Fractures/diagnosis , Osteoporotic Fractures/therapy , Spinal Fractures/classification , Osteoporotic Fractures/classification
2.
Rev. med. Rosario ; 84(1): 22-25, ene.-abr. 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-973330

ABSTRACT

Una paciente con osteoporosis había sido tratada por 4 años con ibandronato oral, luego por 1 año con ranelato de estroncio, y finalmente por 4 años con denosumab. En vista de la buena respuesta densitométrica este fármaco fue suspendido a fines de 2015. A los 14 meses la enferma tuvo lumbalgia aguda y se detectó hundimiento del platillo superior de L1, a lo que siguieron en rápida sucesión iguales lesiones en L2 y L3, y acuñamiento de D11 y D12. Se descartaron causas de osteoporosis secundaria. El plan terapéutico incluye corsé ortopédico, analgésicos, y teriparatida. En los dos últimos años se han publicado varios casos de este síndrome.


A patient with osteoporosis had been treated for 4 years with oral ibandronate, then for 1 year with strontium ranelate, and finally for 4 years with denosumab. In view of the good densitometric response to the latter, the drug was discontinued in December 2015. Fourteen months later the patient had acute low back pain; crushing of the upper plate of L1 was detected, followed by similar lesions in L2 and L3, and wedging of D11 and D12. Causes of secondary osteoporosis were ruled out. The therapeutic strategy includes a corset, analgesics, and teriparatide. In the last two years several cases of this syndrome have been reported.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Antibodies, Monoclonal , Antibodies, Monoclonal/drug effects , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/prevention & control , Spinal Fractures/diagnosis , Spinal Fractures/prevention & control , Osteoprotegerin , Osteoprotegerin/drug effects , Treatment Outcome
3.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 88(3): 348-353, jun. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-899986

ABSTRACT

La Osteogénesis imperfecta (OI) es una enfermedad hereditaria del tejido conectivo, que se caracteriza principalmente por fragilidad ósea, deformidad y alteración del crecimiento. La OI tipo I (OI tipo I) es la más frecuente, leve y clínicamente homogénea. Su mayor complicación es la presencia de fracturas vertebrales, asociadas a morbilidad esquelética y cardiopulmonar. Objetivo: Caracterizar clinicamente una cohorte de niños con OI tipo I. Pacientes y Método: Se examinó una cohorte histórica de pacientes menores de 20 años mediante la revisión de fichas clínicas, rescatando las características demográficas, clínicas, bioquímicas y radiológicas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 67 pacientes, 55% varones, 69% de la Región Metropolitana. La edad media de diagnóstico fue de 2,9 años, el 70% de los pacientes presentó fracturas vertebrales de predominio torácico, y el 50% lo hizo antes de los 5 años. Un 15% presentó fracturas al momento del diagnóstico, siendo en ellos el diagnóstico de OI tipo I cerca de los 5 años. Los parámetros metabólicos óseos estuvieron en rangos adecuados durante el seguimiento, sin cambios significativos al diagnóstico de las fracturas vertebrales, excepto una disminución de la ingesta recomendada de calcio. Conclusiones: En este estudio, la OI tipo I presenta un diagnóstico precoz, principalmente en preescolares, y se asocia a alta frecuencia de fracturas vertebrales. La disminución en la ingesta de calcio demostrada al momento de la primera fractura requiere especial atención en estos pacientes.


Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an hereditary disease affecting conective tissue, mainly associated to growth retardation and pathological fractures. OI type I (OI type I), is the mildest, most often, and homogeneous in its fenotype. Vertebral fractures are the most significant complications, associated to skeletical and cardiopulmonary morbidity. Objectives: To characterize clinically a cohort of children with OI type I. Patients and Methods: A cohort of OI type I children younger than 20 year old was evaluated. Demographic, clinical, biochemical and radiological data were registered. Results: Sixty seven patients were included, 55% male, 69% resident in the Metropolitan Region. The mean age of diagnose was 2.9 years, 70% presented vertebral fractures on follow-up, mostly thoracic, and 50% before the age of 5 years. Fifty percentage presented vertebral fractures at diagnose, which was about the age of 5 years. Bone metabolic parameters were in the normal range, without significant change at the moment of vertebral fractures. Calcium intake was found to be below American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations at the time of the first fracture. Conclusions: In this study OI type I has an early diagnose, and vertebral fractures show a high incidence, mostly in toddlers. Calcium intake was found to be below reccomended values, and should be closely supervised in these patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Thoracic Vertebrae/injuries , Spinal Fractures/etiology , Lumbar Vertebrae/injuries , Osteogenesis Imperfecta/complications , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Follow-Up Studies , Spinal Fractures/diagnosis , Spinal Fractures/epidemiology
4.
Int. j. med. surg. sci. (Print) ; 4(1): 1151-1155, mar. 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1284376

ABSTRACT

Las fracturas tumorales en columna vertebral son parte de la etiología de las fracturas patológicas a este nivel, que por edad de presentación así como la clínica observada puede darnos directrices del tipo de tumor que afecta al esqueleto axial, por lo que es importante su identificación, clasificación y terapéutica a seguir, en especial en aquellos que se encuentra afectada la parte neurológica distal. Teniendo en consideración este aspecto planteamos el caso clínico a continuación.


Tumoral fractures in spine arepart of the etiology of pathologic fractures inthis level, age of presentation and the observed clinical can give guidance on the type of tumorthat affects the axial skeleton, it is important toidentify, classification and therapeutic to follow,especially those who are affected neurologicaldistal part. Considering this aspect proposeclinical case below.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Spinal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Spinal Neoplasms/secondary , Spinal Fractures/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
5.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 14(1): 67-70, Jan.-Mar. 2016. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-778487

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT We report a rare case of an unstable flexion-distraction spine fracture with ligament involvement that occurred during a professional female soccer game. There were no neurological déficit. The patient had a painful midline gap which suggested ligamentar injury that was not immediately recognized. Despite that, proper immobilization and referral to hospital for further evaluation avoided additional spinal cord damage. The patient underwent a monosegmental posterior instrumentation spine fusion and after 6 months returned to professional soccer activities. This paper alerts to the possibility of occurrence of severe and unstable spine injuries during soccer practice and the importance of an adequate initial care at the game field in order to avoid iatrogenic neurological injuries.


RESUMO Relatamos um caso raro de fratura instável da coluna vertebral com envolvimento ligamentar, ocorrida por mecanismo de flexão-distração, durante jogo de futebol feminino profissional. Não houve déficit neurológico. A paciente apresentava espaçamento doloroso dorsal na linha média, que sugeriu lesão ligamentar, a qual não foi reconhecida imediatamente. Apesar disso, realizaram-se imobilização adequada e encaminhamento para unidade hospitalar, fatos que evitaram a ocorrência de danos adicionais à medula espinal. A paciente foi submetida à fusão monossegmentar, com instrumentação e, após 6 meses, retornou à prática de futebol profissional. O presente estudo alerta para a possibilidade de ocorrência de lesões graves e instáveis na coluna durante a prática de futebol, e para importância da assistência inicial adequada ainda em campo, a fim de evitar lesões neurológicas iatrogênicas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Young Adult , Soccer/injuries , Spinal Fractures/surgery , Lumbar Vertebrae/injuries , Spinal Fusion/rehabilitation , Spinal Fractures/diagnosis , Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery
6.
Journal of Forensic Medicine ; (6): 428-430, 2016.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-984872

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES@#To analyze the characteristics and mechanisms of pelvic fractures in the cases of road traffic accident deaths.@*METHODS@#Total 65 cases of road traffic accident deaths with pelvic fracture were collected, and the sites, characteristics and injury mechanisms of pelvic fracture were statistically analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Among the 65 cases of pelvic fracture, 38 cases of dislocation of sacroiliac joint were found, and most combined with pubis symphysis separation or fracture of pubis. In the fractures of pubis, ischium and acetabulum, linear fractures were most common, while comminuted fractures were most common in sacrum and coccyx fractures. There were 54 cases combined with pelvic soft tissue injury, and 8 cases with pelvic organ injury and 44 cases with abdominal organ injury. In the types of pelvic ring injury, 32 cases were separation, 49.32%, followed by compression, 26.15% and only one case was verticality, 1.54%.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Detailed and comprehensive examination of the body and determination of the pelvic fracture type contribute to analyze the mechanisms of injury.


Subject(s)
Humans , Accidents, Traffic , Acetabulum/injuries , Death , Forensic Pathology , Fractures, Bone/diagnosis , Fractures, Comminuted/diagnosis , Ischium/injuries , Pelvic Bones/injuries , Soft Tissue Injuries/diagnosis , Spinal Fractures/diagnosis
7.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 972-975, 2016.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-224848

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone mineral density and the prevalence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal Korean women with low-energy distal radius fractures and compared with those of aged-matched normal Korean women. Two hundred and six patients with distal radius fractures between March 2006 and March 2010 were included in this study. Patients were divided into three groups by age; group 1 (50-59 years), group 2 (60-69 years), and group 3 (70-79 years). Controls were age-matched normal Korean women. The bone mineral density values at all measured sites, except for the spine, were significantly lower in group 1 than those of control. While the bone mineral density values in group 2 and 3 were lower than those of controls, these differences were not statistically significant. All groups had significantly higher prevalence of osteoporosis at the Ward's triangle; however, at the spine, femoral neck and trochanteric area it was not significantly different from those of age-matched controls. Although the prevalence of osteoporosis of the postmenopausal women with low-energy distal radius fractures may not be higher than that of the control, osteoporosis should be evaluated especially in younger postmenopausal patients to prevent other osteoporotic hip and/or spine fractures.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Body Mass Index , Bone Density , Femoral Neck Fractures/diagnosis , Osteoporosis/epidemiology , Postmenopause , Prevalence , Radius Fractures/diagnosis , Republic of Korea/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Spinal Fractures/diagnosis
8.
Coluna/Columna ; 14(3): 218-222, July-Sept. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-762973

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the AO/Magerl classification and the SLIC (Subaxial Cervical Spine Injury Classification), used in the cervical spine fractures and assess whether they are correlated to the neurological severity of patients, the choice of approach to be used, de duration of surgery an between themselves. METHOD: Retrospective analysis of medical records and radiological image files of 77 patients surgically treated of subaxial cervical fracture or dislocation from August 2010 to September 2012. RESULTS: The SLIC classification showed a strong correlation with neurological deficit and Pearson correlation value of -0.600. The AO classification was not correlated with the Frankel scale and the value of Pearson was 0.06 with a statistical significance of 0.682 (p<0.05), that is, unable to determine or suggest the severity of the deficit. When compared to each other the two classifications showed statistical correlation and the value of Pearson was 0.282 with a significance value of 0.022 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Among the most used classifications, the SLIC has been able to statistically define the need for surgical treatment and the severity of the neurological status, but was unable to predict the approach or the time of the surgery; the classification AO failed to predict the severity of neurological injury, surgical time, and did not help to choose the approach, just being a morphological classification.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar as classificações AO-Magerl e SLIC (Subaxial Cervical Spine Injury Classification) utilizadas em fraturas da coluna cervical e avaliar se elas apresentam correlações com a gravidade neurológica dos pacientes, com a escolha da via de acesso, a duração do ato cirúrgico e entre si mesmas. MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva do prontuário e acervo de imagens radiológicas dos 77 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de fratura e ou luxação da coluna cervical subaxial, no período de agosto de 2010 a setembro de 2012. RESULTADOS: A classificação SLIC apresentou forte correlação com déficit neurológico, com valor de correlação de Pearson de -0,600. Já a classificação AO não apresentou correlação com a escala de Frankel, e o valor de Pearson foi de 0,06 com significância estatística de 0,682 (p < 0,05), ou seja, incapaz de determinar ou sugerir a gravidade do déficit. Quando comparadas entre si as duas classificações apresentaram correlação estatística e o valor de Pearson foi de 0,282 com valor de significância de 0,022 (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Entre as classificações mais utilizadas, a classificação SLIC foi estatisticamente capaz de definir necessidade de tratamento cirúrgico e a gravidade do estado neurológico, porém foi incapaz de predizer a via de acesso ou o tempo de duração da cirurgia; a classificação AO falhou em predizer a gravidade da lesão neurológica, o tempo cirúrgico e em auxiliar a escolha da via de acesso, sendo apenas uma classificação morfológica.


OBJETIVO: Evaluar las clasificaciones AO/Magerl y SLIC (Subaxial Cervical Spine Injury Classification) utilizadas en las fracturas de la columna cervical y evaluar si tienen correlación con la gravedad neurológica de los pacientes, la elección de la vía de acceso, la duración de la cirugía y si están correlacionados entre sí. MÉTODO: Análisis retrospectivo de registros médicos y colección de imágenes radiológicas de 77 pacientes tratados quirúrgicamente de fractura o dislocación de la columna cervical subaxial, desde agosto 2010 a septiembre 2012. RESULTADOS: La clasificación SLIC mostró una fuerte correlación con déficit neurológico y el valor de correlación de Pearson de -0,600. La clasificación AO no se correlacionó con la escala de Frankel y el valor de Pearson fue 0,06, con una significación estadística de 0,682 (p < 0,05), es decir, incapaz de determinar o sugerir la gravedad del déficit. Cuando se compararon entre sí, las dos clasificaciones mostraron correlación estadística y el valor de Pearson fue de 0,282, con valor de significación de 0,022 (p < 0,05). CONCLUSIÓN: Entre las clasificaciones más utilizadas, la calificación SLIC ha sido capaz de definir estadísticamente la necesidad de tratamiento quirúrgico y la gravedad del estado neurológico, pero fue incapaz de predecir la vía de acceso o la duración de la cirugía; la clasificación AO no logró predecir la gravedad de la lesión neurológica, el tiempo quirúrgico ni auxilió a elegir la vía de acceso, siendo sólo una clasificación morfológica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Spinal Fractures/diagnosis , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Cervical Vertebrae , Spinal Fractures/surgery
9.
Coluna/Columna ; 14(2): 125-128, Apr.-June 2015. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-755846

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the interobserver agreement regarding the TLICS Classification (Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity Score). Furthermore, evaluate the reliability, analyzing the correlation between the treatment indicated by TLICS system (surgical or conservative) and the treatment indicated by each evaluator surgeon.

METHODS:

Imaging tests and clinical data of 22 patients with thoracolumbar fractures were analyzed by eight spine surgeons, and two main analyzes were performed: the first compared the interobserver agreement related to TLICS and the second compared the agreement between the treatment indicated by TLICS classification (surgical or conservative) and treatment indicated by each surgeon - based on his personal experience and the preferred classification.

RESULTS:

Using the parameters of Landis and Koch for interpretation of Kappa value, the interobserver agreement of TLICS classification was considered moderate in our study (K=0.6). The agreement between the indications of treatment (surgical or conservative) dictated by the classification and the indication of each surgeon was considered excellent, with kappa value of 0.89.

CONCLUSION:

We believe that the classification is a good tool for the evaluation and the treatment indication in thoracolumbar fractures.

.

OBJETIVOS:

Avaliar a concordância interobservadores com relação à Classificação TLICS (Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity Score). Além disso, avaliar a confiabilidade, analisando a concordância entre o tratamento indicado pelo sistema TLICS (cirúrgico ou conservador) e o tratamento que cada cirurgião avaliador indicou.

MÉTODOS:

Foram avaliados retrospectivamente exames de imagem e dados clínicos de 22 pacientes com fraturas toracolombares por oito cirurgiões de coluna vertebral. Duas análises principais foram realizadas: a primeira comparando a concordância do sistema TLICS interobservadores e a segunda comparando a concordância entre o tratamento indicado por essa classificação (cirúrgico ou conservador) e o tratamento que cada cirurgião indicou - com base em sua experiência pessoal e na classificação de escolha.

RESULTADOS:

Utilizando os parâmetros de Landis e Koch para interpretação do valor de Kappa, a concordância interobservadores da classificação TLICS foi considerada moderada em nosso estudo, com valor de Kappa de 0,6. A concordância entre as indicações de tratamento (cirúrgico ou conservador) ditadas pela classificação e as indicações de cada cirurgião foi considerada excelente, com valor de Kappa de 0,89.

CONCLUSÃO:

Acreditamos ser a classificação analisada uma boa ferramenta para a avaliação e para a indicação do tratamento nas fraturas toracolombares.

.

OBJETIVOS:

Evaluar la concordancia entre observadores con respecto a clasificación TLICS (Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity Score). Además, evaluar la confiabilidad, analizando la correlación entre el tratamiento indicado por el sistema de TLICS (quirúrgico o conservador) y el tratamiento que cada cirujano evaluador eligió.: Fueron evaluados de forma retrospectiva las imágenes y los datos clínicos de 22 pacientes con fracturas toracolumbares por ocho cirujanos de columna vertebral. Se realizaron dos análisis principales: el primero comparó la concordancia del sistema TLICS y el segundo comparó la correlación entre el tratamiento indicado por esta clasificación (quirúrgico o conservador) y el tratamiento indicado por cada cirujano evaluador - en base a su experiencia personal y su clasificación de preferencia.

RESULTADOS:

Utilizando los parámetros de Landis y Koch para la interpretación del valor de Kappa, la concordancia entre observadores con respecto a la clasificación TLICS se consideró moderada en nuestro estudio, con un valor de kappa de 0,6. La concordancia entre las indicaciones de tratamiento (quirúrgico o conservador) dictadas por la clasificación y la indicación de cada cirujano se consideró excelente, con valor de Kappa de 0,89.

CONCLUSIÓN:

Creemos que la clasificación se considera una buena herramienta para la evaluación y la indicación del tratamiento de las fracturas toracolumbares.

.


Subject(s)
Humans , Spinal Fractures/diagnosis , Spinal Cord Injuries , Diagnostic Imaging , Classification
10.
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine ; : 131-131, 2014.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-155065
11.
An. bras. dermatol ; 88(2): 287-289, abr. 2013. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-674171

ABSTRACT

A 55-year-old male presented with back pain and slightly tender annular plaques with central ulceration on his face. A skin biopsy revealed scattered yeast with broad based buds. A CT scan of the abdomen revealed a pathologic T12 fracture. Tissue obtained from the spine confirmed budding yeasts. The patient was diagnosed with disseminated blastomycosis. The patient was treated with amphotericin and itraconazole and completely recovered. .


Paciente do sexo masculino, com 55 anos de idade, compareceu ao ambulatório com dores na costa e placas anulares ligeiramente sensíveis, com ulceração central na face. Uma biópsia cutânea revelou levedura disseminada, com brotos de base larga. A tomografia computadorizada do abdômen revelou uma fratura patológica da T12. Amostra de tecido obtido da coluna vertebral confirmou levedura em fase de brotamento. O paciente foi diagnosticado com blastomicose disseminada. Após tratamento com anfotericina e itraconazol, o paciente teve recuperação completa. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Blastomycosis/pathology , Facial Dermatoses/pathology , Amphotericin B/therapeutic use , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Biopsy , Blastomycosis/drug therapy , Facial Dermatoses/drug therapy , Skin/pathology , Spinal Fractures/diagnosis , Treatment Outcome
12.
Rev. chil. reumatol ; 28(4): 189-190, 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-695642

ABSTRACT

La masa ósea disminuye y el riesgo de fracturas aumenta con la edad, especialmente en la posmenopausia. Las fracturas vertebrales son las fracturas osteoporóticas más frecuentes, y se asocian a deformidad de columna, reducción de estatura, dolor de espalda, dificultad respiratoria, morbilidad y mortalidad aumentadas; y pueden predecir futuras fracturas vertebrales y de cadera.


Bone mass declines and the risk of fractures increases as people age, specially in postmenopausal women. Vertebral fractures are the most frequent osteoporotic fractures and associated to spine deformity, height loss, back pain, impaired breathing, increased morbidity and mortality; and predict future spine and hip fractures.


Subject(s)
Humans , Spinal Fractures/diagnosis , Spinal Fractures/therapy , Risk Factors
13.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 46(3): 315-317, 2011. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-597805

ABSTRACT

O trabalho relata um caso de linfoma em paciente de 13 anos que veio à consulta com dor lombar. O paciente sofreu um traumatismo de baixa intensidade na região lombar que resultou em dor persistente e de caráter progressivo. Ao ser avaliado em uma emergência, foi detectada no exame radiográfico uma fratura de coluna. Nesse momento, o paciente foi encaminhado ao ambulatório de especialidade do mesmo hospital. Após exames iniciais, foi firmado o diagnóstico de fratura patológica envolvido por volumoso tecido, indicando ser uma lesão tumoral. Na sequência do atendimento, o paciente evoluiu com parestesias em membros inferiores e retenção urinária sem possuir diagnóstico patológico da lesão. O paciente foi submetido à cirurgia de emergência com estabilização e descompressão neurológica sendo enviado material da lesão para exame anatomopatológico. O resultado do exame anatomopatológico sugeriu tumor de células pequenas deixando uma dúvida após a imuno-histoquímica, definindo o diagnóstico de linfoma. O paciente foi encaminhado para tratamento oncológico. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso raro de linfoma em criança com diagnóstico inicial de fratura patológica em coluna vertebral lombar. É importante investigar fratura associada a trauma leve em crianças. A precisão diagnóstica resulta em um atendimento efetivo com resultados melhores para os pacientes. O paciente em foco submeteu-se a tratamento quimioterápico obtendo uma boa resposta com reflexos positivos no seu prognóstico.


This study reports on a case of lymphoma in a 13-year-old patient who came to a consultation with lumbar pain. The patient had suffered low-intensity trauma in the lumbar region that resulted in persistent pain of progressive nature. In an emergency evaluation, radiographic examination showed a spinal fracture. The patient was then sent to the specialist outpatient clinic of the same hospital. The initial examinations confirmed the diagnosis of a pathological fracture surrounded by a tissue mass, thus indicating the presence of a tumor. Subsequently, the patient evolved with lower-limb paresthesia and urine retention, without any pathological diagnosis for the lesion. The patient then underwent emergency surgery to achieve stabilization and neurological decompression, and material from the lesion was sent for anatomopathological examination. The result from the anatomopathological examination suggested that the lesion was a small-cell tumor, although leaving some doubt. Immunohistochemistry defined the diagnosis of lymphoma. The patient was then sent for oncological treatment. The aim of this study was to report on a rare case of lymphoma in a child with an initial diagnosis of a pathological fracture in the lumbar spine. It is important to investigate fractures associated with mild trauma in children. Precise diagnosis results in effective attendance with better results for these patients. This patient underwent chemotherapy and achieved a good response, with positive repercussions for his prognosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Spine/pathology , Spinal Fractures/surgery , Spinal Fractures/diagnosis , Lymphoma/therapy , Neoplasm Metastasis
14.
Actual. osteol ; 5(2): 89-92, mayo-ago. 2009. graf, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-614296

ABSTRACT

El tratamiento inicial de las fracturas vertebrales por osteoporosis es conservador. Su objetivo es calmar el dolor con drogas analgésicas y diferentes tipos de ortesis como el corsé en extensión de Jewett. El reposo en cama está indicado solamente al comienzo y se debe evitar la inmovilización prolongada. La fisioterapia (ejercicios) es una gran ayuda porque disminuye la pérdida ósea y mejora el estado del raquis disminuyendo el dolor y las deformaciones.


Subject(s)
Humans , Spinal Fractures/diagnosis , Spinal Fractures/therapy , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Immobilization/adverse effects , Kinesiology, Applied , Osteoporosis/complications , Tomography , Spinal Injuries/therapy
15.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 36(1): 9-13, jan.-fev. 2009. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-514100

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o valor da Injury Severity Score (ISS) na determinação da gravidade das fraturas vertebrais do tipo explosão considerando a amplitude do trauma e a escolha do melhor tratamento para diminuir a morbimortalidade do acidente. MÉTODOS: 190 pacientes foram incluídos, nos quais avaliaram-se a idade, o mecanismo do trauma, o tipo de fratura na coluna toracolombar, avaliação neurológica, onde se localizavam as lesões frente a ISS e a divisão em categorias. RESULTADOS: A média do ISS foi de 14,4 sendo o menor valor de 4 e o maior de 43, e 126 pacientes apresentavam ISS menor do que 15 (63,3 por cento), 34 entre 15 e 24 (17,9 por cento), 25 entre 25 e 34 (13,2 por cento) e cinco com ISS maior que 35 (2,6 por cento). O valor do ISS foi inversamente proporcional a idade. As fraturas ocorridas na transição toracolombar apresentavam média do ISS de 13,1, sendo menor do que a média do ISS na região torácica de 17,6 e lombar com 16. Dos 102 pacientes tratados sem procedimento cirúrgico, a média do ISS foi de 12,3, enquanto que nos 88 tratados cirurgicamente ela foi de17,6. A mortalidade apresentou-se diretamente proporcional ao valor do ISS. A média dos que evoluíram para óbito foi de 28,5, não ocorrendo óbito entre os classificados com trauma leve. A mortalidade foi de 4,2 por cento. CONCLUSÃO: O valor de 14,4 e a análise das categorias do ISS sinalizam que trauma de pequena gravidade pode causar fratura da coluna vertebral torácica ou lombar do tipo explosão. O valor do ISS não demonstrou correlação com o nível da fratura, estando diretamente proporcional com o tempo de internação, com o tratamento cirúrgico e a taxa de mortalidade, apresentando-se inversamente proporcional com a idade dos pacientes.


OBJECTIVES: There are few publications which relate the injury severity score (ISS) to the thoracolumbar burst fractures. For that reason and for the frequency in which they occur, we have evaluated the severity of the trauma in these patients. METHODS: We have evaluated 190 burst fractures in the spinal cord according to Denis, using the codes of Abbreviated Injury Scales (AIS) for the calculation of the ISS, which uses the three parts of the human body with major severity. These lesions are a squared number and the results are summed up. RESULTS: Among 190 cases evaluated, the median value of the ISS was 13 and the average was 14,4. Males presented a higher ISS than females. The young adult patients presented an average and a median value of the ISS higher than the old patients. The higher the ISS is, the longer the hospitalization period is, except for the patients with the ISS over 35. The fractures in thoracic level show the ISS higher than the rest. The ISS is directly related to surgical treatment and mortality. CONCLUSION: The ISS values which were found show that a less severe trauma can cause a burst thoracic or lumbar spinal cord fracture. The value of the ISS has not shown correlation to the sex and the fracture level, but it is proportional to the hospitalization period, the surgical treatment and the mortality rate. This result shows a value which is inversely proportional to the age of the patients.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Lumbar Vertebrae/injuries , Spinal Fractures/diagnosis , Thoracic Vertebrae/injuries , Injury Severity Score
16.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-45541

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of various Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) features in differentiating malignant from benign compression fracture of the spine. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospective review of MRI spine of patients with vertebral compression fracture identified from the hospital database between June 2004 and February 2006 by two radiologists blinded to the clinical data. Various MRI features were evaluated for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. An additional combination of two, three, four, and five MRI features that had statistically significant (P value less than 0.005) were also calculated for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). RESULTS: Fifty-eight spinal MRI were included from 35 patients with metastatic vertebral compression fractures and 23 patients with benign vertebral compression fractures. MR imaging features suggestive of malignant vertebral compression fracture were convex posterior border of the vertebral body, involvement of the pedicle or posterior element, epidural mass, paraspinal mass, and destruction of bony cortex. Among these, involvement of pedicle or posterior element was the most reliable finding (sensitivity 91.4% and specificity 82.6%) for diagnosis of malignant vertebral compression fracture. A combination of two or more MRI features gave very high specificity and PPV. CONCLUSION: Certain MR imaging characteristics can reliably distinguish malignant from benign compression fracture of the spine. Combination of several MRI features strongly affirmed the diagnosis of malignant compression fracture, especially in a patient where tissue biopsy is not justified.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Fractures, Compression/diagnosis , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Predictive Value of Tests , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective Studies , Spinal Fractures/diagnosis , Spinal Neoplasms/complications
17.
Acta ortop. bras ; 17(4): 224-227, 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-525652

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar as características do fragmento retropulsado nas fraturas explosão da coluna toracolombar, de acordo com dois examinadores independentes no plano sagital da TAC e correlacionar estes achados com a presença de déficit neurológico. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Coleta retrospectiva de dados de prontuário e TC em 138 pacientes com fratura toracolombar do tipo explosão internados no nosso serviço entre 1983 e 2004. RESULTADOS: Observamos correlação significante entre dois examinadores independentes (p<0,05) na aferição da rotação e migração do fragmento. Este, caracteristicamente, é triangular, tem uma média de rotação de 20º e se desloca na maioria das vezes no sentido cranial, até oito milímetros. Não foi possível a associação entre a rotação do fragmento e o déficit neurológico neste estudo. CONCLUSÃO: Houve correlação positiva entre os achados de dois pesquisadores independentes, usando o mesmo método de mensuração na casuística estudada. Considerando os grupos de rotação, não foi possível relacionar o grau de rotação do fragmento retropulsado com o déficit neurológico.


OBJECTIVES: The objective of the current study was to evaluate the correlation between neurological deficits and the characteristics of retropulsed fragment into the spinal canal in patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 1983 to 2004, 135 patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures according to Denis' criteria were evaluated at a tertiary teaching institution by two different observers. CT-Scans of the fractured spine were analyzed in order to assess the narrowing of the spinal canal. Neurological deficit was evaluated by using the Franke's classification. RESULTS: A significant correlation was found between two independent observers (P<0.05). The observed characteristics of the retropulsed fragment into the spinal canal were: triangular form, rotation dislocation with average of 20 degrees and cranial dislocation with average of eight millimeters. There was no statistical correlation between neurological deficits and the characteristics of retropulsed fragment of the spinal canal. CONCLUSION: There was no statistical correlation between neurological deficits and the characteristics of retropulsed fragment of the spinal canal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Wounds and Injuries/diagnosis , Spinal Fractures/diagnosis , Thoracic Vertebrae , Brazil , Retrospective Studies , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
18.
Acta ortop. bras ; 16(2): 85-88, 2008. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-485963

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar se há correlação entre o estreitamento traumático do canal vertebral e as possíveis fraturas associadas da lâmina, com o quadro neurológico inicial dos pacientes com fratura tipo explosão na área da cauda eqüina. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma revisão retrospectiva de 42 pacientes que apresentaram 43 fraturas tipo explosão de L3, L4 e L5, no período compreendido entre janeiro de 1990 a dezembro de 2004. Os resultados foram avaliados de acordo com a disfunção neurológica inicial e o diâmetro sagital médio do canal vertebral acometido. RESULTADOS: A única variável preditiva independente do comprometimento neurológico foi o estreitamento do canal vertebral (p = 0,008). A porcentagem média de estreitamento do canal vertebral foi significativamente (p < 0,001) maior nos casos em que havia a fratura da lâmina associada. Porém, na análise múltipla, verificou-se que a fratura da lâmina não é um fator preditivo independente para que ocorra a lesão neurológica. CONCLUSÃO: O estreitamento do canal vertebral, causado pelo fragmento ósseo da fratura, com ou sem a associação de fraturas da lâmina, nas fraturas tipo explosão na área da cauda eqüina, tem correlação direta e estatisticamente significativa com a alteração da função neurológica.


PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a correlation exists between the traumatic narrowing of the spinal canal, potentially associated lamina fractures and the early neurological status of patients presenting to the hospital with burst fractures of the cauda equina area. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective review was carried out on 42 patients with 43 burst-type fractures of L3, L4 and L5 treated at a tertiary medical trauma center from January, 1990 to December, 2004. Results were based on comparisons made between the initial neurological deficit and the midsaggital diameter of the fractured vertebrae. RESULTS: The only predictive independent variable of the neurological deficit was the narrowing of the spinal canal (p=0.008). The average narrowing of the spinal canal was greater in patients with associated lamina fractures (p<0.001). However, multiple independent analyses did not establish lamina fractures as a predictive factor for neurological deficit. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that, in burst fractures of the cauda equina area, the acute traumatic spinal canal narrowing, with or without associated fractures of the lamina, shows a statistically significant positive correlation with the neurological deficit.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Cauda Equina/injuries , Spinal Fractures/diagnosis , Spinal Fractures/physiopathology , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases , Spinal Canal , Spinal Injuries , Neurologic Examination , Retrospective Studies , Spinal Nerve Roots
19.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 64(3b): 824-828, set. 2006. ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-437156

ABSTRACT

As fraturas das regiões torácica e lombar da coluna vertebral constituem amplo espectro de diferentes tipos de lesões resultantes de mecanismos fisiopatológicos distintos. A fim de se reduzir as controvérsias existentes a respeito da conduta destas lesões é necessária a utilização de uma classificação que permita a sua correta caracterização. Neste estudo avaliamos retrospectivamente 33 pacientes portadores de fraturas tóraco-lombares com o objetivo de categorizar e avaliar os fatores relacionados a esta patologia. O mecanismo de trauma mais freqüente foi queda de altura, presente em 24 casos. Na maioria dos pacientes (57,6 por cento) as fraturas localizaram-se na transição tóraco-lombar (T12-L1) e o quadro neurológico mais freqüente foi o déficit sensitivo-motor completo abaixo da lesão, em 45,45 por cento dos casos. A apresentação neurológica foi mais grave nos pacientes com lesões torácicas em relação às lesões lombares (teste de Fischer, p=0,039). Uma correlação positiva foi observada entre a severidade do quadro neurológico e a gravidade da lesão segundo a classificação de Magerl (r de Pearson=0,85, p<0,001). Concluímos que as fraturas tóraco-lombares são lesões graves considerando a apresentação neurológica inicial e que é necessária a utilização de uma classificação ampla e adequada como a utilizada no presente estudo.


The thoracolumbar spine fractures constitute a wide spectrum of resultant lesions, with distinct injury mechanisms. In order to reduce the controversies concerning about the management of these fractures, a universally accepted classification is necessary. In this study we evaluated retrospectively 33 patients with thoracolumbar spine fracture, with the goal of categorize and evaluate the factors related to this pathology. A complete radiological investigation, complaining of plain radiography, computed tomography and magnetic ressonance imaging, was used to classify these fractures. Fall was the more common mechanism, present in 24 cases. In 57.6 percent of the patients, the fractures located at thoracolumbar transition (T12-L1) and the more frequent neurological presentation was total deficit, present in 45.45 percent. The neurological presentation was more serious in patients with thoracic lesions regarding lumbar lesions (Fischer's test, p=0.039). A positive correlation was observed between severity of the neurological presentation and gravity of the lesion according to Magerl's classification (Pearson's method, r=0.85, p<0.001). In conclusion, thoracolumbar spine fractures are serious lesions considering the initial neurological presentation; a wide and accurate classification, as we used, is necessary to describe these injuries and may help resolve some of the controversies concerning the management of these lesions.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Lumbar Vertebrae/injuries , Nervous System Diseases/etiology , Spinal Fractures/classification , Thoracic Vertebrae/injuries , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Retrospective Studies , Spinal Fractures/complications , Spinal Fractures/diagnosis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Trauma Severity Indices
20.
Acta ortop. bras ; 14(5): 261-263, 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-443616

ABSTRACT

Nas últimas décadas, houve aumento no uso de instrumentação com parafusos pediculares no tratamento das fraturas da coluna toracolombar. Esse tipo de fixação tem a vantagem de estabilizar as três colunas de Denis, ao contrário das outras instrumentações até então utilizadas, porém apresenta como possível e temível complicação a possibilidade de penetração do canal vertebral, fratura dos pedículos, acometimento de raízes nervosas e lesões vasculares. Nosso trabalho visa avaliar se a tomografia computadorizada é um bom método de análise do posicionamento dos parafusos pediculares e as possíveis complicações na passagem cirúrgica dos mesmos. Foram estudados 19 pacientes, totalizando 134 parafusos, durante os período de novembro de 2002 até fevereiro de 2005, quanto a análise radiográfica, tomográfica e neurológica pré e pós-operatória. Como resultado, houve dois casos de lesão da parede lateral do pedículo no estudo tomográfico, sem repercussão clínica aos pacientes. Quanto ao déficit neurológico, nenhum paciente apresentou piora. Seis pacientes apresentaram melhora de seu status neurológico. Concluímos que a tomografia computadorizada é excelente exame de imagem para avaliar os parafusos pediculares, e que esse tipo de fixação foi seguro e de baixa morbidade, permitindo mobilização precoce do paciente.


In the last decades, there has been an increasing use of instruments with pedicular screws for treating thoracic-lumbar spine fractures. This kind of fixation has the advantage of stabilizing the DenisÆ three columns, as opposite to other instruments previously used, but it presents as a possible and feared complication the potential of vertebral channel penetration, pedicular fractures, involvement of nervous roots and vascular injuries. Our study aims to evaluate if computed tomography is a good analysis method for pedicular screws positioning and the potential complications of surgically passing them. Nineteen patients have been studied, totaling 134 screws, during the period ranging from November 2002 to February 2005, regarding X-ray, tomography and pre- and postoperative neurological function analyses. As a result, there were two cases of injury on pedicleÆs lateral wall at the tomography image, with no clinical repercussion to patients. Regarding neurological deficit, no patient showed a worse condition. Six patients presented with an improved neurological status. We concluded that computed tomography is an excellent imaging test for evaluating pedicular screws, and this kind of fixation was safe and showed low morbidity rates, allowing an early mobilization of the patient.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Bone Screws , Fracture Fixation, Internal , Spinal Fractures/diagnosis , Spinal Fractures/physiopathology , Spinal Fractures/complications , Orthopedic Fixation Devices , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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